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شاهد الفيلم كامل           





The meaning of work: it is what the person is conscious volitional effort, which was intended human
goods and services to satisfy the needs of his or her own, and this definition is clear to us that the effort to animals or human effort is without a goal is not considered work.

Work: is the kinetic effort, or so-called energy and effort that his rights in order to collect or produce leads to satisfy a specific need analyst.

The definition of production

Production: are the goods and services and the accompanying human effort to be found in order to satisfy the need. It can be such production is a commodity, and as a service, the conditioning energy is one of the most important factors that are embodied in the production of goods and services, such as: carpenter, and the worker, the doctor, and the porter, both of these adjusting human capacity in order to satisfy a specific need, it is here The work is the effort, or the so-called human force that interacts with various initial elements in order to provide a physical commodity, or to satisfy the intellectual and psychological needs; such as those of radio, medical treatment, and the book, T-shirt, and the chair.

Select Islam the concept of the need and the subsequent work and production, and between all the elements in a series of texts and concepts, and explained that the human energy to interact with the elements of nature that produce goods that satisfy the human different physical needs, and fill out the shortcomings of his life; such as food, clothing and medicine.

Found in human kinetics and technical forces and a huge mindset can interact with all the elements of nature entity, God Almighty has made in every human ability and power that enables it to provide supplies and accessories life.

The need and gratification

Without the need for a thing, there would be a deep reason to produce it and find it, and without the need for this thing to his presence in vain for an excuse for him, and for him to seek a waste of effort and money and humanitarian precious time.

The man in his natural state must work and earn; because the work is what human beings can be up to him so as not to take from the gambling monopoly and a way to seize the efforts of others, to live in idle and sagging earning abnormal devastating system of living life ... etc. The health worker depending on his effort during his work affected, the longer working hours, there was a bad impact on worker health, they also lead to weakness in the production of the quantity and quality, it has identified the ILO working hours to eight hours a day.

Abstract

Work is an effort done by the person, and that this effort stems from the will of the individual. The work is different in concept method when other; Some explain that the thought and effort in taking a specific command any use of reason that the work, and the other explains that the function is only work, and explains some of the implementation of anything or do any work order.

What are the retail trade

In normal circumstances, the flow of goods manufactured from the first series until the consumption be as follows:

Product> distributor> Importer> wholesaler> retailer> consumer

And not necessarily the availability of all links in the chain until consumption item, for example, is not necessary and there importer if we talk about trade in the country is a country producer of the commodity, as well as not was necessary to pass all the episodes, it buys wholesaler of the product directly without an authorized distributor of the product, or may buy the retailer of the product without passing merchant sentence, or you may end consumer buys from the wholesaler or the product directly, but as we have said, the more often the flow of goods, as shown above, where there is little to buy a consumer product directly !!

So selling and paying retail is the episode penultimate delivery of commodity from the producer to the consumer, and the fact is the retailing of the most important episodes marketing item, where they place you will receive from consumer item, then your selling and paying retail require a very large interest in a way that the display and place order the consumer to attract to eat item desired by.

Trade take retail format grocery stores and small shops for a long time, but at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty first century has become a retail take place in Altjarahkabry markets (malls), and became the care of the presentation of cargo in encouraging consumer demand for buying those Goods.

It should be noted that the retail trade means the sale of any good or service to the consumer directly, any trade is a deal directly with the end consumer are retail trade, and examples of this: supermarkets, shops selling vegetables, shops selling electrical issue, shops selling carpets, Shops Sales of clothing and perfume companies providing the communication service, and much more.

The conditions for success at work

There are many conditions for success and to reach the best results:

Goal Setting: This is the most important step in every business, whether secular or religious works, to be objective was to determine, this means that the way you want to go well known and clear very clear; so we see many scrambling in the middle of their business with the entry of new data or developments; because the goal is clear for them; and so many of the target processes fail.

The plan put: It is an explanation of the goal of illustrative activities, and be shown the time and date the task name and duration of the work is carried out, and if the individual work are self-creating for this action stages, and most important the basics of the plan is a complete plan for an alternative to the original plan mode, in the event of a shortage happened in data or inputs needed to work, there must be ready for any emergency may occur.

Monitoring and auditing: Follow all the tasks that have been formulated in the plan, and by placing notes for tasks that have been completed, and other observations of the tasks and the parts that have not been completed and the creation of an extraordinary time to be completed, and that all things must be clear and the organization.

Blogging: write everything, especially the small details that we say that we will not forget, but Hess truth first forgotten; for it must be recorded everything; because the information that pass our through the work of what is stored in the short-stroke range has been a memorable few days, blogging is important to continue and to monitor and regulate whether a team or an individual to himself.

Feedback: taking advantage of the previous work carried out by the individual, whether similar work or work has been his practice in previous visits, feedback nutrition is the previous experience of the work, whether individual or collective.

Stimulus: If personal work Fbalamkan self-stimulation on achievement and rewarded with something you like, for example, a person is the same that buys chocolate loved if accomplished a task that, as well as in teamwork to take the same approach, but the differentiation of each person as he loves and tends to him if rewarded him.

Try: If there was an error as a result of an emergency faulty or out of control, or deliberate error or any other reason may prevent achievement of the plan that have been set, you must try in other aspects of the search for solutions, The problems are found only because the solutions to them in this life, We should try and not despair, and reviewing all the previous steps; to detect the position of the defect and repaired as much as possible.

اقتراح تعديل

Definition of work ethic

Often angry than us, and we feel that this world has narrowed Us, We start with a wave of anger and distress, which is our and we stay on the impact we are suffering from the worst situation, because in most cases, the problems that confront us, the ones that we feel at work, is one of the things that sour and private purity of life, and make it work the stage, and the time we spend doing more complicated times, when talking with a number of employees, business owners, and found that the main reason which tends or supervised the employee or worker, is the inability to adapt to the oceans as part of the work, a sense of superiority by the manager, these things and others make one feel like a pariah, setting off labels, styles futile to emerge, and starts every member of the family working individuals, in his attempts Avenue to show what his abilities, and talents to make it better and better between colleagues, and our conversation today will center on the ethics work, what is the work ethic, and how it can work to end the problems without fabricating more problems, and here comes the problem, we have become in the time we are not in it to get rid of the problem only when Nqahm ourselves to other problems, hence it was necessary to stand on the work ethic that must be dealt with in order to ensure a meaningful work environment, and has no effect on the quality of the business, and relationships between individuals.

Agency Theory

He is author of the foundations of the agency theory that the underwriting contract is between the subscribers themselves, and that the first subscribed when they accept to be a member of a legal status in the project for he tends to give the founding agency implicitly delegated it to appoint other subscribers to adhere to them in quick succession, and then all the underwriters committed to each other about the for some the other, and is performed so that the founders were not only representatives of the subscribers is determined by their conclusion of a subscription contract between all the subscribers, the legal relationship between the founders or subscribers organized implied agency, including rules and adds Faqih (Brimann), which lay the groundwork for the agency theory that the subscription contract concluded between all the subscribers and what the founders, but the work of a group of subscribers managers. Of the show's former point of view of those who say the theory of the agency notes that the IPO from the point of view held are among the underwriters mediated founders, Valmasson as individuals who have taken it upon themselves to eject the company's project to important legal existence, but are agents for the subscribers in the conclusion of the subscription contract.

The agency theory of a type of accounting theories that have emerged on the effect of the multiplicity and increase accounting problems which may Istadm their various professions was followed by a large plurality in accounting procedures, which have been mixed for the group and is also synonymous concepts and accounting principles, which is the Agency Theory One kinds.

Agency theory this is a framework from within the frameworks by which study accounting problem, both academic and the agency theory agency theory general sense on the basis of a relationship between two or more parties which are authentic and the agent is based on a set of assumptions which are as follows:

1. Atsaf the outskirts of the relationship of economic meaning wisdom.

2. The difference in both inherent and agent preferences.

3. can motivate the agent to bear the responsibility and the performance of his duties.

It has its problems and constraints, costs and Taattabiqatha in the area of ​​cost accounting and accounting and management and preparing budgets and Hnlk torrent of foreign research in this regard for both kaplan - jensen - zimmerman there is also a flood of Arab research.

Knowledge Economy

The transformation of the economy based on capital to the knowledge economy is through the three forces of reaction are:

- Technological change, and includes information and resources, technology, and biotechnology.

- Trade liberalization, internationalization of production systems

- Liberalization of capital movement in the global economic system, and that requires or re-structuring of the economy, production, energy, transportation and other activities to ensure continuity.

The effects of this shift became evident evident at the level of countries, companies and individuals and communities. At the level of individuals who are the nucleus of the communities that make up the states, they have to constantly work on improving their skills to keep pace with developments in the ongoing and rapid shifts in their work centers and in the community in which they live. The access to the knowledge-based economy requires states to get rid of all unnecessary restrictions and traditional customs and traditions restricted developments, cultures and laws, states and communities that have a high cultural standards, and has flexible laws are most able to influence and vulnerability in the knowledge economy, and even be able to countries to shift from economy capital and labor to a knowledge-based economy, this requires them to take adequate care of the educational system through the following:

- The educational system must be flexible so that the state can apply the transition to a knowledge economy strategy.

- That is the development of education policies to make sure that all students have the ability to deal with the knowledge and communication technology, they are young, and the literature of information and knowledge and computer skills to be part of the state's interest.

- That the training of teachers, without exception, are mandatory in computer skills, and provide them with all necessary to develop their abilities and skills in the field of knowledge and communication technology equipment.

- Provide opportunities for investment in the field of training and knowledge in the communications technology field, to increase the number who are able to participate in industries that rely on knowledge workers.

- Providing training opportunities for older workers in all public and private sectors on a computer and Internet skills, so that they become able to deal with the knowledge-based economy.

The concept of the market

Several concepts for the market people may Istnottagha through their dealings with him, and in general the market is called the term and is defined as:

The market is the geographic area brings buyers sellers, and he knows the science of economics that the relationship between supply and demand for the commodity.

According to Pride and Friel definition of the market that combines companies and people are in need of a commodity, and they have, or have the ability and the desire and the power to buy that commodity.

The market is a group of buyers, whether they are natural persons or establishments of these is the goal of all marketing efforts for the facility. As looking for the needs and desires of unsaturated, which represents a good marketing opportunities, and the market is not limited to current buyers only, but extends to prospective buyers as the marketing efforts implemented in the future period.

Market Place is the exchange of goods, regardless of the fact that this place is geographically specific building or online; where the buyer and seller in different geographical Bakotain.

The market is a meeting point between supply and demand for goods and services and capital. And well it is known as the place or organization that can buyers and sellers for a particular commodity from communicating with each other.

The market is a set of labels for consumer discovered through reflects the type of product.

Market sections

Consumer market: It is a group of buyers who want to buy goods that will satisfy personal and family needs, and can afford to buy them and buy them in order to achieve profits.

Artificial Market: Includes market is a group of buyers who buy goods and materials for use in the production process.

Government market: a market in which goods are available not for consumption but rather to facilitate the production of other goods and services.

Conditions to be met in the market

Availability needs of individuals or organizations for the product and desire.

The availability of the ability to buy the product, which reflect the so-called purchasing power parity.

Ready availability of individuals or organizations to use their power and their purchasing power.

The availability of power among individuals and organization to purchase certain products; Individuals may be available to have a need and desire and purchasing power and a willingness to buy a particular product, but does not have the right to buy a particular product, such as young people.

Types of markets

It is divided by an element of competition market:

Full competition markets.

Full monopoly market.

Monopolistic competition market.

Oligopoly market.

Definition of trade

Trade is to get the money swap in order to profit. And include the sale and exchange and peace.

• the exchange of goods, or services.

• is tossing on the price of the goods and the payment is made by using the means of commercial exchange called money.

• trade exchange of goods or services, be between two (bilateral trade) or between more than two parties (multilateral trade).

• Trade is trying to gain money to buy up the price of the goods and sell them Balglae.

• mediation and mediation between the producer and the consumer process.

• Trade converter products from primitive state into goods for the purpose of selling them for profit after manufacture.

• Trade activities meet the needs of the consumer in the place and the right time and at the right price for the product.

• Commerce (English: Trade) or (in English: Commerce) is the voluntary exchange of goods, or services, or both. But the word Commerce used more in English to denote the exchange between entities or states, not individuals.

The place in which they are traditionally called the exchange of goods, then the market has become the word market indicate the total area in which the dealer can sell his goods which are no longer confined to one place, but includes all of the options available to him for sale. To be negotiated during the selling price of goods, which is estimated currently valued and payment is made by means of commercial exchange called money, rather than the traditional form of the sale which was a trade-off (compared to other goods).

Trade focused on the exchange of goods or services, exchanges may occur between two parties (bilateral trade) or between more than two parties (multilateral trade). Money was invented to facilitate the trade process and in the modern era were introduced to trade credit cards and e-commerce to facilitate the trading brand equity and purchase instant.

Legal significance: In this regard, the concept of trade expands and beyond linguistic and economic concept to transfer products from the initial state into commodities with a view to selling them after the re-made the so-called manufacturing industries, and also includes activities related to industry and maritime and air transport, banks, and follow her from commercial symbols Kalsemsrh Agency commission and insurance and other trade within the (Sharqawi - commercial law)

The definition of production

Production that: known

• Access to benefit and increase what's already there.

• interaction result in a material gain.

• every human performance insatiable human need.

• the process of its inputs and outputs and resources

• Steps are held for raw materials to get a product benefit the individual.

• essential function is working on the development and prosperity of the people and development of nations.

Meaning production in modern economic thought: -

Enter Adam Smith in the sense of production of every human activity leads to the creation of material funds, whether these funds material agricultural products or industrial and then enter Jean Pant Sai services in the sense of production and became a production means every human activity leads to the creation of benefits or to increase them with a view to satisfying human need.

Consequently, production is divided into two parts, namely: -

1. material production: - material for the production of more than one image, for example pictures of physical production in addition to agricultural production every action leads to change the shape of the human material such as furniture made of wood Ooualemlabs of cotton or leather shoes or cars or airplanes

2. non-material production: - meaning production on all material production is not limited, which is in goods, whether consumer or productivity, because the satisfaction of human needs not be met through the use of these goods, but there are human needs can not be satisfied only through services such as the need for treatment and the need to education and the need for goods These needs are satisfy them through the performance of some of the services a doctor's service and the teacher and service trade.

The importance of production

The value of production in the following

1. Production means to satisfy human needs

That man feels many needs such as the need for food and the need to drink and the need to clothe and the need for housing and the need for treatment and the need for education etc ..

It is also notable that the man can not find a direct satisfy these needs of nature and without intervention, but it needs to do human effort leads to find goods and services with a view to satisfy human needs and called on this production and the importance of production appear as a necessary means to satisfy human needs

2. production source entry

Login earned by individuals, whatever their jobs in the community primary source is the production adherents production elements who have the production process have access to this production, each according to his contribution in the production process where the owner of the natural resource element gets the profit is determined either according to the device the prices in the capitalist system and either in accordance with administrative decisions in the socialist system as well as the employer gets the wage component is determined also by either the prices in a capitalist system and either in accordance with administrative decisions in the socialist system

Production elements

These elements are summarized in the following: -

1. Work

2. Land and Natural Resources

3. Capital

4. regulation

1. Work: -iqsd to work as a production it physical or mental effort elements being done by individuals to produce goods and services and the work item measure through the number of hours worked and worker gets paid for his work, which is determined in hours

2. Natural Resources: - earth contain many natural resources such as arable land air water oil minerals etc .. All of these natural resources are used in the production process for the production of various goods and services in conjunction with other factors of production

3. Capital: - intended capital in this regard funds previously produced and used in the production process and capital in this sense is divided into two groups, namely: -

- Fixed capital, which is the capital, which is used in the production process many times without hardly changing such as machinery, buildings and many roads, bridges, schools and universities

- Working capital is the capital, which can only be used once in the production process and then enters in the composition of item, such as raw materials such as cotton and fuel.

4. orderly regulation: - intended organizer person or group of persons who compose the elements of production in order to produce a range of goods or services so often bear the risks of this process. Usually the regulator is the owner of the project and therefore who bears the risk of the project, which also who gets the profit made by the project in case of success of the project.

Unemployment

Unemployment is considered in the present day of the most serious crises prevalent among many groups, and facing the Arab countries, as a result of high rates, which reached recently. Unemployment and know that they stop functioning or unavailability asset, to someone with the ability to work and wants to do, and it calls several terms in our societies, including the unemployed.


Know unemployment as the process appears when there is an individual in the community is able to work, and has a high ability to do, and follows many ways for many and means to look for work, and did not give him the opportunity to find work for many reasons, including lack of employment opportunities in the community.


There is a clear and basic conditions must be combined to call the person that he is unemployed, including:

Ability to work
Job search did not find it.

The unemployment include recent graduates who did not find jobs because of the lack of experience they have, in addition to those who had left their previous any reason whatsoever and did not find a new job.


Causes of unemployment
Tattabralbtalh of the most serious problems, those that cause and threaten the stability of society and destabilize its security and the most important, but we find that the causes of unemployment vary from one community to another community, and also vary from one region to another and from one environment to another. There are economic reasons, social and political of unemployment and the other, and each of these negatives affecting and resulting in worsening and community causes.


Economic and political reasons for unemployment
The proliferation of technology and rely on machines instead of human prefectures in completing the process and complete the work.
Reduced demand for the human race to do some work.
Transmission of a number of industries in the country which possesses high capital money to the poor of the cheap labor countries.
A lot of capitalist governments are pursuing a scalable and reduce spending money on investment projects in various fields, policies, and these policies as a result of lower demand for labor.

Social causes of unemployment
High population growth rates is very large
Socialization methods: In terms of the lack of role models in the home, and the absence of any incentives to work, and proficiency and learning.
Education and levels: in terms of education affects from one category to another level in the labor market, so when it does not match the levels of education with labor market needs within the state.
Lack of development of the curriculum in all educational institutions.
Backward glance that does not remain in the perception of women's access to work and not given the opportunity.
Decline in education levels between social groups has caused the emergence of unemployment.
The increase in taxes have caused unemployment.
The reluctance of some owners of capital for investment, and the work of the numerous projects in which they can employ large numbers of individuals.
Increasing numbers of the population dramatically make the process of providing jobs for members of the very difficult process of Governments.
Fully rely on machinery, and modern technology has caused the spread of the phenomenon of unemployment.